Why is tungsten carbide used for cutting tools?



Tungsten is a particularly hard metal with a high melting point. Pure tungsten metal typically is not normally used in cutting tools, but tungsten carbide is. In cutting tools, tungsten carbide ceramic particles are bonded together using cobalt metal, which adds fracture toughness to the tool. ceramics are brittle (low fracture toughness) with high strength, while metals tend to have high fracture toughness but low overall strength, so tungsten carbide-cobalt parts have a nice balance of these properties. They are strong enough to cut hard materials and tough enough to last a long time.

It can be sharpened but most tool holders allow tungsten tips to be rotated if the tool gets dropped on the tip a piece may break off meaning there will no longer be good support for the tip if rotated to the next sharp side. They are easily replaced but can be expensive depending on shape eg spiral cutter tips for thicknessers.

From the perspective of tool materials, high-speed steel, cemented carbide, ceramics, cermets, and even superhard tools, the advancement of material technology has opened up more possibilities for cutting tools.

Due to a series of excellent properties such as high hardness and wear resistance, tungsten carbide has gradually become a very important tool material.


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